Diagnosis and treatment


It is easy to ignore symptoms of CVD and think they are nothing or related to something else. If you are having signs of a heart attack such as chest pains, shortness of breath, dizziness, pain in the arms, neck or jaw you need to seek immediate help (Medline plus, 2009). The sooner you get help the better it is.
            If you are having symptoms of heart disease or have a family history of heart disease it is important to see your physician and talk about it. They can help you confirm a diagnosis and recommend treatment options.
            At the appointment you will need to fill out a medical history and symptoms. It is important to be honest about things even if you think it will make you look bad (AHA, 2017). Your blood pressure will be taken along with your height and weight, also the doctor will perform a physical exam. The doctor may also order some blood work to check levels of important substances such as electrolytes and cholesterol. A chest X-ray may also be done to determine if heart is enlarged or if there is congestion in the lungs (AHA, 2017).
Along with these tests the doctor may determine you need further testing.
·         EKG- records further electrical signals in heart
·          Holter monitor- continuous EKG usually 24hours
·         Echocardiogram- ultrasound of your heart
·         Stress test- checks your heart during exercise to see how it responds
·         Cardiac catheterization- is an invasive procedure where a tube is inserted into your arm or leg and goes to your heart- they then inject dye to see the blood flow through the heart
·         CT (cardiac computerized tomography) scan- scan that looks at head and chest for abnormalities.
·         Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- takes pictures of heart

Once you have been diagnosed the treatment will vary depending on your condition. Treatment options usually include the following:
·         Lifestyle changes- develop a regular exercise routine, stop smoking, change diet to low fat and low sodium limit alcohol intake, maintaining healthy body weight
·         Medications- sometimes lifestyle changes aren’t enough to treat your heart condition. There are several different types and your physician will determine what’s best for you
·         Medical procedures or surgery- medications or lifestyle changes sometimes aren’t enough


Some of the medications used include an aspirin for its antiplatelet activity. Beta blockers are also used they block the action of adrenaline on the heart and help the heart beat more efficiently. Calcium channels are also used to help the heart muscles contract and pump more efficiently. Nitrates are used to increase the blood flow to the heart muscle by dilating the arteries.
Depending on the extent of the blockage an angioplasty may be performed with a stent placement. A coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) may be necessary people sometimes also call this an open heart surgery. 



Mayo Clinic (2018, February 3). Heart Disease. Retrieved from, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118
NHI MedlinePlus (2009). Heart Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment. Retrieved from, https://medlineplus.gov/magazine/issues/winter09/articles/winter09pg25-27.html

            

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Diagnosis and treatment

It is easy to ignore symptoms of CVD and think they are nothing or related to something else. If you are having signs of a heart attack ...